Hsinchu is located in a subtropical high pressure zone at 24.5 degrees north latitude, and monsoons prevail throughout the year.

The Hsinchu Plain borders the Taiwan Strait to the west, and is surrounded by mountains and hills to the east. Shibajian Mountain, Guqifeng Peak, Niupu Mountain, Xiangshan Mountain and Fengshan Mountain are located in the east, south and north respectively, forming a “dustpan mouth” terrain.

Affected by the barrier represented by the eastern mountains, the effect of land breeze is enhanced, while sea breeze can cover the entire region because the depth of the plain does not exceed 20km. However, after the wind enters it cannot easily exit and therefore circulates, leading to strong winds and the renowned Winds of September, also known as Hsinchu Wind.

There are no reservoirs, ponds or storage pools within the jurisdiction of the office. It relies entirely on water diverted from rivers for irrigation, with irrigation water sources being temporary barrage weirs or permanent barrage river weirs built along Touqian River, Fengshan River and Keya River. Groundwater is pumped as a supplementary water source.

The farmland in the office operation area is located on both sides of the Touqian River and Fengshan River watersheds. Since the terrain to the south of the Touqian River irrigation area and the north of Fengshan River irrigation area is high, after upstream farmland is fully irrigated, the remaining water is diverted into the canal to return to the river and then used by various downstream weirs, so water resources are fully utilized.

The wet season for irrigation water sources is summer, but there are no water storage facilities in the business area, so more than 60% of water sources are injected into the Taiwan Strait; the dry season is autumn and winter and water sources in downstream farmland are occasionally insufficient. As such, water management needs to be strengthened, with rotating irrigation implemented and groundwater pumped as a supplementary water source.

The office area is located at 122 degrees east longitude and 24.5 degrees north latitude in the northwest of Taiwan. The terrain gradually slopes southeast to northwest. It is mainly alluvial plains along Fengshan River and Touqian River, with some hills and platforms and an average annual temperature of 21 degrees. The jurisdiction spans Hsinchu County, City and Taoyuan County, starting from Guanxi Township in Hsinchu County and Longtan Township in Taoyuan County in the east, to the Taiwan Strait in the west, from the Fengshan River Basin south of Hukou Platform in the north, to the north of Xiangshan Yanyan Port in the south. It covers Hsinchu City and Hsinchu County's Zhubei City, Xinpu Township, Guanxi Township, Zhudong Township, Xionglin Township, Hengshan Township etc., as well as Longtan Township in Taoyuan County.

The irrigation area mainly diverts water from Touqian River, Fengshan River and Keya River as well as a small number of underground water sources. The irrigation areas are all double cropping farming and farmland is located on both sides of the water system's basin. Ponds and weirs are set up to collect water. According to the planting habits of farmers in the area, Zhudong, Xinpu, and Guanxi areas upstream use water about 10 to 15 days before Zhubei and Hsinchu areas upstream. This has evolved into a pattern so after the needs of upstream farmland irrigation is met the remaining water is diverted into the same river. Downstream weirs then divert water for irrigation, and the returned water resources are fully and effectively utilized.

 Reasonable water delivery and distribution losses and other information are determined, with the irrigation water amount for the current crop period finalized and the irrigation plan compiled and formulated one month before the start of irrigation for each period. This is based on actual river water diversion, drainage, return utilization volume, alternative water source volume, hydrological and meteorological data analysis, the planting area of each crop in the current period, field water demand and soil classification in the irrigation area.